In the 1850s this was figured out by a bloke called green hill who came up with a formula to calculate the twist rate needed for any bullet length or alternately the longest bullet that will work with a given twist. It completely ignores weight . It also takes into account the projectile speed as as a bullet slows it's rotational speed slows and gyroscopic stability decreases. Which explains the occasional I'm on target at 100 yds but can't hit the target at 200. I know I've been there.
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