2 Attachment(s)
Cartridge headspace dimension
The distance from the cartridge base to a defined reference point on the shoulder is called the cartridge headspace dimension, to distinguish it from the chamber headspace dimension, which is fixed when the chamber is reamed out, as long as the bolt lugs dont wear down. This is shown on the SAAMI drawings which you can find by google.
Attachment 260384
For 223 the specified headspace dimension, shown on the drawing below with a triangle snd an asterix, are actually at the corners at front and back of the shoulder. But SAAMI also helpfully specify a length in the middle of the shoulder at a diameter of 0.330” where it is easy to measure. Ive indicated the length at 0.330 with fine red arrows. The required cartridge headspace length is 1.4666” down to 1.4596” @0.330”. Hornady helpfully make a set of gauges which includes one with 0.330” internal diameter.
This is the setup you need:
Attachment 260386
This is a Federal factory loaded round and the length is 1.4555” or maybe 4 thou shorter than SAAMI spec. However, the gauge seems to have a small chamfer on the inside to enable smooth seating and twiddling without scratching the brass, so perhaps it under measures the length at 0.330. As noted in an earlier post, the gauge is for comparing cartridges rather than getting an absolute length to compare with your chamber.
Ideally, you will see each case shortened in this dimension by around 0.003” when its sized.