If you aren't worried about barrel length then go as long as you can, any increase in velocity is an advantage.
The US military found that the short 14.5" barrel in the M4 was found wanting compared to the 20" of the M16, so some units would stick with the long barrel if they could.
The only downside to a long barrel is maneuverability and a bit of weight, so if this doesn't matter to you then go as long as you like.
So to answer the question, like all good questions in life the answer is:
There is of course a point were a few inches +/- make negligible difference in velocity but have a big impact on maneuverability.
Need to consider if the extra velocity is worth it too you, if shooting long range and F-class then yes it is, but if hunting under 200m then it won't be beneficial.
If all the powder isn't being burnt due to a short barrel, then just use a different powder.
In most rifles a good do everything length is 18"-22", going to the shorter end if using a suppressor.
It depends.....
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