The original 8x57J had a bore diameter of .318". The later (1905) 8x57JS had a bore diameter of .323". Modern 8x57 is designed for the JS .323" bore and is not considered safe for the 8x57J. If your rifle is fairly old it could be for the older J cartridge. Prior to 1905 the caliber was only marked 8x57, and the J and JS marks were used post 1905. The two barrel diameters persisted well after WW1 in sporting rifles and should be appropriately marked.
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