All colt bolts as far as I know are tested and marked MPI. Many others do not or batch test only.
Personally when I have a new boiler (or any pressure vessel) a 1.5x or 2x overload test is the normal for insurance / QA purposes and gives some assurance that there is no serious but hidden unique defect. So no it doesnt or should not shorten the life for a component as a one off when new.
Army, well apparently they replace the bolt at 7500rounds or so as they do a lot of auto fire which really stresses the bolt. Again from what I can read 20,000 rounds or 2 or 3 barrels in a "retail" environment ie you and I is quite typical. Bolts are however really cheap and getting a matched bolt and barrel seems to be the best option for accuracy and long life.
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