It's not quite as simple as Canross describes.
To purchase or possess a firearm in Canada, a person needs a PAL. A non resident can get one, but unless you're planning on a long holiday, you won't get one quick enough.
Every firearm, not just Restricted or Prohibited, needs an export permit. These have been known to take awhile.
"An export permit is required for any class of firearm being exported to a country other than the United States, even if the export is only temporary – for example, if someone takes a firearm to another country to hunt or to target shoot. When individuals apply for an export permit, they must include an import permit from the country of destination and from any other countries that the firearm will be travelling through en route."
Importing and Exporting Firearms (Individuals) - Royal Canadian Mounted Police
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