Some of the thermals have built in range-finders, either laser, or stadiametric, calibrated for hare/pig/deer.
Failing that, the main trick I've found to work is keeping your other eye open when scanning/spotting etc, just to get at least some impression of distance.
Or if an option, and you'll know your shooting spot(s) in advance, spend some time there during the day and chart up a range card, giving you distances to some of the obvious landmarks near where the deer might pop out.
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