Interestingly, the Russians have delved into the past and resurrected the cooling sleeve in their PKP Pescheneg machine gun.
It's a heavy barrel GPMG with heavy, non-changeable barrel. It can apparently rapid-fire 600 rounds of 7.62x54R at 6-800rpm without damage to the barrel. In heavy fighting it can fire 10,000 rounds an hour without degrading barrel life more than what would be expected from slower firing.
I find that an interesting window into the Lewis gun of old, right down to the use of rimmed cartridges! (-: The Wipedia article mentions a special forces titanium variant -- speaking of the use of expensive metals.
Interesting, from the carry handle, you can see where the balance of gravity is. Heavy barrel, yes.
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