Check out the following posts:
https://www.nzhuntingandshooting.co....ichochet-7274/
https://www.nzhuntingandshooting.co.nz/f32/gongs-28014/
I recommend reading both posts fully as there is some good info and youtube links worth watching
I did a heap of research when setting up the long range steels for our range, and the keys for steel targets are as follows:
All steel targets should be BIS500/AR500, arranged so that the impact face is square to the shooting position, and leaning forward at the top of the target, 20deg off vertical, to ensure that the bullet splatter is directed towards the ground and minimise the chance of a ricochet.
Keep bullet speed (regardless of calibre) below 900m/sec (3,000fps) if you want to keep your BIS500/AR500 plates in good condition.
I had (but currently cannot find ....??) a very detailed report from trials done in the USA on AR500 plate damage done with various calibre and projectile design.
The conclusion was that the calibre and bullet design had little to do with the level of plate damage, it was all about speed. They discovered that a .223 with a 50gr PSP projectile traveling at over 3,200fps was more damaging to the surface of the target than the likes of a 140gr .308 doing 2,700fps. The most damage from what they tested on the day was a .22-250 with 50gr doing 3,700's fps.
Only exception to this was larger calibre, heavy round nose projectiles that dented the plate rather than cratered it as the high speed projectiles did.
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