One piece cleaning rod, jags, brushes, patches, solvent, oil
Jags come in 3 basic forms : slotted (waste of time imo), spear point and parker hale style. The parker hale style has barbs and allows to to wrap a patch tightly around it, the benefit is that you can pull back without dislodging the patch.
Here's what I do, might seem excessive to some, but different ways to skin a cat...
Put a bit of solvent on a patch and wipe down the bolt
Clean off the solvent with a dry patch
Lightly oil a patch and wipe down the bolt
Put some solvent on a patch and use a chamber stick (dowel, chopstick etc) to rotate the patch in the chamber & throat area
Soak a patch in solvent, and use a jag to push it thru the barrel. Some guys focus more on the initial section of the barrel, so 1/3 down then pull back, then 2/3 down then pull back, then all the way.
Dip a bronze brush in solvent and push it down the barrel. I NEVER pull a bronze brush back thru the crown, if you are going to do it, then do it very slowly (see crown damage below)
Use dry patches on a spear point jag until they come out clean. If after 3 or 4 patches they don’t come out clean, go pack to the soaked solvent patch.
Lightly oil a patch and push that thru the barrel. Now it is ready for storage.
Solvent wise, I use a hierarchy : Hoppes #9, if that does not get it clean, then I go to Butches Bore Shine (pretty much pure amonia), and if that still does not work, then I use JB Paste.
Common problem with cleaning and how to fix them (it's not that hard screwing up a nice rifle by improper cleaning - go chat to a couple of gunsmiths):
Crown : don't pull back metal brushes into the crown, or do it VERY slowly so that the brush is properly aligned
Throat & barrel : use a bore guide, use a single piece rod, multi-piece metal rods are not good
Or you could listen to your mate and have the gun rust (with enough abuse even "stainless" rifles will rust), loose value and at some point it will fail because of poor maintenance.
Bore snake is handy for field cleaning, take along some solvent and oil in mini plastic bottles.
Tape up the muzzle with electrical tape to prevent crap from getting into the barrel when you are in the bush. The gas in front of the projectile will blow it off, don't worry about the barrel exploding or bulging

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