-Compared to lead-free ammunition, both the number of bullet fragments and the maximal distance between fragments and the wound channel increased when bullets were lead-based.
- studied 297 shot wild ungulates
- 263/297 shots were within 100m (and high energy or low retention bullets)
-Small fragments clustering together to clouds of radiodense particles were predominating (in lead bullets). Bone hits were not required for the production of a large number of fragments. This fragmentation pattern was similar for all three types of lead-based bullets, including bonded bullets (Figs. 2, ,3).3). Average fragment numbers were highest for bullets with two lead cores
- The bodies of animals shot with lead-free projectiles did not always contain fragments (Table 1). When hunters used lead-free deforming bullets (type 1) no fragments were detectable on the radiographs in most 106 out of 126 cases (Fig. 1a). In 18 out of the 20 remaining cases, the number of bullet fragments on the radiographs did not exceed 10. The two remaining cases of fragmentation corresponded to a large number of fragments (100 and 150 particles) and concerned two different brands of bullets.
-Average maximal distances of fragments in relation to the wound channel were highest for lead-based bullets with two lead cores (type 4) and smallest for the two types of lead-free bullets (type 1 and type 2) (Table 2, Fig. 1b). For all three types of lead-based bullets (types 3, 4 and 5) the mean maximal distance of fragments to the wound channel exceeded 10 cm (11.7 cm for type 3, 15.6 cm for type 4, and 11.3 cm for type 5).
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