There's a study of British WW2 bombers that looked at where the returning bombers had suffered hits from flak and fighter guns with a view to increasing the Armour and survivability of the aircraft. All was going well, right up until they plotted the damage visually on the outline of a bomber. Then one bright spark observed that the hits were not in the areas of the engines, fuel hydraulic and cooling systems, pilots or flight controls...
What they were going to do was add Armour where it wasn't needed, as all of the aircraft that returned hit had already survived the damage. It's the missing statistics that didn't return that provided the important info...
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