I used to worry about this too, so I did a bit of digging. From what I’ve found, steel shot can be harsher on barrels compared to lead, especially if the barrel isn’t designed for it.
I had a few conversations with seasoned hunters who said that using steel shot in older or cheaper barrels could cause issues over time. For my own experience, I used steel shot in my modern shotgun with a specially designed barrel for it, and I haven't noticed any significant damage.
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